WW2 | 2. Boissevain and van Hall Pre-Nazi-Era Homes

Charles Boissevain with his daughter Nella Hissink in front
 of Drafna. Notation by Anne Boissevain, Robert's second
wife, in the album she kept.

November 11, 2015 – The large clan of Boissevains and their in-laws lived and worked in beautiful homes by the Amsterdam canals and later in homes to the east and west of Amsterdam.

Suburban Boissevain homes in the 1920s and 1930s were clustered in the Amsterdam area – especially in Naarden and Haarlem.

In the summer many of them went to their beach houses in Zandvoort (recently renamed "Amsterdam Beach") on the North Sea – at the same longitude as Amsterdam.

The extended Boissevain and van Hall families would gather as a single family at celebrations such as a wedding (bruiloft), or a wedding anniversary (huwelijksverjaardag) of the family patriarch and matriarch.

Map 1. The Boissevain houses went from Zandvoort on
the coast to Haarlem and Amsterdam, then east to Naarden.

The most famous homes were Drafna in Naarden, home of Charles and Emily Boissevain; or Astra and the Kolkhuis (which I visited several times) in Hattem, homes of Jan and Hester van Hall. 

Families related closely to the Boissevains, all of them I think with more than one intermarriage among cousins, include the den Texes, van Halls, van Lenneps and van Tienhovens.

My mother's Aunt Hester Boissevain van Hall ("Tante
Hessie") lived in "Het Kolkhuis" in Hattem.

With Charles Boissevain in February 2015, I visited many places where members of the family lived or worshipped in the 20th Century, and even some homes where relatives still lived and welcomed us.

Homes are concentrated in a line from Zandvoort on the west coast to Haarlem, Amsterdam and Naarden (see Map 1).

The line continued east from Amersfoort, where Teau Boissevain de Beaufort, lived, to Hattem and Zwolle. The van Halls moved to Zwolle for health reasons, because the higher ground to the east makes it drier than areas closer to Amsterdam. The van Halls lived first in Zwolle and then at the Kolkhuis in Hattem (see Map 2).

Relatives who lived off the Zandvoort-to-Zwolle band include Nella Boissevain Hissink, who lived in the capital of Friesland, Leeuwarden.

Amsterdam

The house at Corellistraat 6 was the home of Jan "Canada" Boissevain and Mies van Lennep Boissevain. Their two eldest children were Gijs ("Gi") and Jan Karel ("Janka") Boissevain.

(Postscript, June 6, 2021: Many Boissevains had homes and offices along the canals in central Amsterdam. Some of these areas are suffering from the deterioration of the pilings that support the canal-side buildings. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/05/world/europe/amsterdam-crumbling-infrastructure-canals.html.)

Eindhoven

Engelien de Booy lived here - I visited her at her home before she died.

Haarlem

Emmaplein 2, where Robert and Sonia 
lived until 1936.

In the Bentveldsweg, within 100 meters of each other, live or have lived four families with van Hall descendants:

• Zonnehof was built for Charles's great-uncle Aat van Hall (father of Gijs and Wally van Hall), who raised ten children there between 1897 and about 1915. When I visited in 2015 it was inhabited by their daughter Hester van Hall Dufour and Raimond Dufour. 

• De Popelhof was the home of great-aunt Han van Hall Vening Meinesz, youngest sister of Jan and Aat and Suze van Hall van Tienhoven, mother of Corrie.

• Sparrenhof was formerly inhabited by Maurits and Elsa van Hall and after his death by his daughter Ellen van Hall Wurpel, who is secretary of the van Hall Foundation. She invited us in for a visit. 

• Biekaer after the war was where Charles's mother, Sonia, went with her six children.  

Charles brought me first to the large house at Emmaplein 2 where his family lived until 1936, when the Nazis engaged in economic warfare and dispossessed those like his father Bob who had invested in I. G. Farben and other companies.

The family then moved to Zandvoort, by the seashore, where the war began.

We went nearby, to Beelslaan 3 in Haarlem, to pay a visit to Mary-Ann van Hall Boon, daughter of Wally van Hall, and her husband.

Hattem

Hattem is near Zwolle, quite a distance from Amsterdam. Hester van Hall's Kolkhuis was here. I attended several celebrations of birthdays during our summer visits to Holland after World War II. The young visitors were roped into participating in skits for the enjoyment of older family members.

Naarden


Drafna was built on an enormous farm that is an hour southeast of Amsterdam,  in Naarden, near the Naarden-Bussum train station. It was on the Zuyder Zee, but much of the land there was reclaimed. Naarden is a former coastal fortress town with buildings dating back to the 16th century. Charles and Emily moved there in 1897.

The house is legendary because so many children (eleven) grew up there and so many grandchildren (50), including my mother, went there for many visits.

Drafna, Naarden, in 1933. The 14-room two-story
 Norwegian chalet was home to Charles and Emily 
Boissevain and their 11 children.

My mother remembers the Golden Wedding Anniversary of her grandparents Charles and Emily in 1916, when she was 8 years old.

Large tents were set up to accommodate the crowds. She was struck by the importance of her grandparents and the importance of a Golden Wedding. She told me in 1982, the year of her own Golden Wedding:

  

Everyone sat at long tables under the tent awnings. I was given an ice cream cone with a photo of my grandparents stuck in it. I don't know whether all 50 grandchildren got this special treat. During the afternoon events, I remember the smell of hay everywhere. The afternoon ended with skits and performances, but I don't remember them and maybe they were only for grownups.

Theo(dora) Boissevain, who married Willem Sillem, in
front of the Drafna barn. My mother well remembered
the donkey, and also the gardener, Hena, in the background.
He acted as a security guard when the children were around.

My mother also told me that the grandchildren would often, on arrival at Drafna, make a bee-line to their library where many wonders could be found.

I earned a scolding from my Granny for doing so: "The first thing you do when you visit anywhere, is to present yourself to your hostess and greet her. I didn’t even know you had arrived." So in future I did as she told me. Since the drawing room was next door to the library, not too much time was wasted. But I have to confess I was not the most popular guest. Those who had not learned to read yet fared much better.

The late Engelien de Booy told me before she died that there was a dark side to Drafna. It was full of gaiety and fun partly because that is what Emily wanted to see. Emily liked to know that her children were successful. She positively disliked introspective children – like Engelien, who went on to earn her doctorate – or, even worse, children who seemed slow or stupid.

Hilda was too Dutch-looking and introspective for Emily. Emily preferred the grandchildren who looked the most Irish, like the six children of Robert with his first wife, Irishwoman Rosie Phibbs - or Teautie de Beaufort, who looked (as her mother Teau did) Irish.

But Hilda was a favorite of her grandfather Charles, because she was a writer like him, and was precociously clever at drawing. Hilda's first publisher was in fact her grandfather, in his newspaper, the Algemeen Handelsblad.

Polly Barker, Drafna's Resident English
Nurse-Governess (Mary Poppins).

Mary ("Polly") Barker, an English nurse, served the family from 1873 until her death in 1929. All of the eleven children and their 50 grandchildren were very fond of Polly, which suggests that Polly looked after all of the children, including those who did not measure up to Emily's expectations. My mother said she preferred Polly to Emily.

The 40-acre property outside was full of wonders One side of the driveway at Drafna was lined with lime trees. Elsewhere were many chestnut trees, which yielded edible chestnuts. Hilda got her taste there for marrons glacées, candied chestnuts, which reminded her of Drafna. The lawn was deep in clover. The property included a tennis court.

The farm included a pond and a stable and an array of animals beloved by the grandchildren - a donkey, a goat, a white horse (which had its own carriage to pull), fish and birds. The gardener was named Hein and Hilda remembers him forever having complaints about the young visitors like her.

As the children of Charles and Emily formed families of their own, they were sold or allowed to use pieces of the farm, so that five of the eleven Boissevain children, and their children, have lived in the area. The six exceptions were:

• Hester and Jan van Hall, who moved to Zwolle and then Hattem to be on higher ground and therefore in a drier climate. The van Hall homes in Zwolle were called Astra and Little Astra, where my mother's family lived for a few years. Hester van Hall later moved to the Kolkhuis (Lake House) in Hattem, where the family came several times to parties, and I visited her alone in 1959. She would put on her cap and come out to see her guests with tea.

• Nella and Theodor Hissink, moved to Leeuwarden in Friesland. This is the town that is drawn by my mother in A Day on Skates. A Dutch edition of this book is needed! It should have the name A Day on Skates in Friesland.

• Teau and Fik de Beaufort, who moved to Amersfoort. Fik de Beaufort had a ducal title in France but preferred to live in Holland. Teau was the youngest of the 11 children of Charles and Emily and died first, tragically, in 1922.

• The three youngest Boissevain boys - who found Holland constraining and married American women. Robert was the first to leave - he remarried (he left his wife Rosie and their six children in Holland, which was a scandal, but my mother said there were extenuating circumstances) an American woman who was the assistant to philanthropist Alva Vanderbilt Belmont; they lived on a chicken farm in upstate New York. Eugen followed Robert and married two truly great American Bohemian women - Inez Milholland and Edna St. Vincent Millay. Jan went to Java to work for Robert in 1914 and eventually married another Bohemian, an American actress, Charlotte Ives, and they lived in the Cap d'Antibes, where I visited her in July 1962 – she took me on an excursion into Cannes to visit a local car dealer so she could buy a new car.

When Charles Boissevain died in 1927, Emily at first stayed at Drafna with Polly. They lived in different parts of the house and entertained separately. After Polly's death, Emily moved to the home of Charles E. H. Boissevain, her eldest son, until her own death in 1931. Drafna was sold to a Theosophical School, was used as a rugby team center, and was broken down before World War II (some say it burned down) to be replaced by a stone house. In the 1970s it was sold to a Dutch company and as of 1982 was a retreat and training center.

Zandvoort

On the South Boulevard in Zandvoort, Charles showed me the place where his family house De Duinhut formerly was. The houses are not there any more because they were were knocked down to make way for coastal fortifications. According to Joseph Goebbels in his Diaries, Hitler was sure that the invasion of Europe by the Allies would come via the beaches of Holland.

Along a 10-km. route (the shortest way) Bob, Marit and Son Boissevain had to go on their bike every day to their school in Overveen, the Lycée Kemmerer. By the end of the war most of the schools were closed.

WW2 | Documentary Sources for the Dutch Resistance (Updated Feb. 29, 2016)

Loe de Jong (1914-2005), author of
 the official history of World War II in
Holland. He had high praise for Wally
van Hall.

The starting point for this book was my mother's death in 2006 and my appointment as her executor. I have been attempting to promote her two books of fiction about the Nazi Occupation of Holland, with special reference to the Boissevain and van Hall families. Her books were based on stories from the war told by family members and friends.

These two books are listed below under fiction. They are under discussion for a television miniseries and I have a time-limited option with someone to develop this. Meanwhile, independently, a cousin asked me if I could document what our Dutch relatives did to help the Resistance.

Memoirs and Non-Fiction Books

de Jong, Louis (Loe), History of World War II in Holland (in Dutch only, 14 volumes, 18,000 words), published by NIOD. This is the most authoritative book on World War II in Holland. A copy of the complete set is available on open shelving at NIOD and at the Amsterdam Archief. Loe de Long was by and large a "dry" scholar, wary of overstatement, but he had the highest praise for Wally van Hall.

Deál, István, Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution During World War II (Westview, 2015). This book covers the resistance or collaboration throughout Europe. His divisions of the war periods and of the responses of the people in different countries is useful.

Encyclopedia Britannica entries on Gestapo, etc.

Flim, Bert Jan, Opportunities for Dutch Jews to Hide from the Nazis, 1942-1945.

Friedhoff, Herman, Requiem for the Resistance: The Civilian Struggle against Nazism in Holland and Germany, Bloomsbury, 1988. This is a highly personal memoir of the author's experiences working with the Dutch Resistance during the war. He has a limited perspective on what was happening but what he does describe is useful.

Hilberg, Raul, Perpetrators Victims Bystanders: the Jewish Catastrophe, 1933–1945.

Lochner, Louis P., ed., The Goebbels Diaries, 1942-43, Doubleday, 1948. Goebbels had strong opinions about the Dutch people and their lack of enrollment in Hitler's dreams.

Marlin, Randal (grandson of Olga Boissevain van Stockum; Department of Philosophy, Carleton University, Ottawa), Propaganda and the Art of Persuasion, 2nd edition (Broadview, 2013). My brother's book is gathering steam as a bible of students of propaganda.

NIOD, Dutch Jews as Perceived by Themselves and Others.

They Choose for Resistance, book in Dutch about Gi and Janka Boissevain.

Schaap, Erik, Walraven van Hall, in Dutch. The book is priced at €24.95, plus shipping. Schaap, who lives in Zaandam, has also written a book in Dutch about the early days of the Resistance in the Netherlands.

Books–Fiction

The top Young Adult books on Goodreads.com have some useful backgrounds to or perspectives on  the nonfiction detail that I am assembling. Two of the books among the top five are by my mother (rankings are as of January 2015; they are updated by Goodreads every 5 minutes). The top three were all made into movies. My mother's writing about the Nazi Occupation of Holland preoccupied her for three decades after the end of World War II.

• #1. The Book Thief (2005). Written by an Australian, this is about a 13-year-old German girl, Liesel, growing up in a suburb of Munich in World War II. Her foster father Hans takes in a Jewish man whose father fought with Hans in World War I. In 2013 it was made into a movie.
• #2. The Diary of Anne Frank (1942-44, first published in Dutch in 1947). This diary is the authentic story in her own words of a girl growing up in the Jewish ghetto of Nazi-occupied Amsterdam. She did not survive the war, but her father Otto did and had the diary published. There have been several movies based on the book. Here is one entire 1 hour 36-minute movie.
• #3. Number the Stars (1989). This is the story of a 10-year-old Danish girl during the Nazi Occupation, and the escape of a Jewish family from Copenhagen. This book has been made into a movie that won prizes for historical fiction.
• #4. The Winged Watchman (1962) tells the story of the Nazi Occupation from the perspective of two Dutch boys aged 10 and 14 living in a rural windmill. The two boys become involved in the Resistance. The book has been optioned for a television miniseries, along with The Borrowed House.
• #5. The Borrowed House (1975) provides the perspective of a German girl living in a "borrowed" house in Amsterdam with her parents, who were performers sent to entertain the German troops and SS; a Dutch translation was published in 2013, retitled Het Gestolen Huis (The Stolen House - the Dutch are more realistic about saying what happened). This and the previous book are among the 20 top-ranked (by Goodreads) books for children on World War II, out of 188 books. This list differs from the YA book ranking by including all age groups.

Family Correspondence and Photos

As my mother's executor I have been going through all the correspondence and have transcribed much of it that was hand-written, with the help of Leslie Wiesman years ago and then Jay Tepper-Marlin. There are albums of photos and sketches, amply illustrated, and boxes of letters and clippings, in English and Dutch–from prewar, wartime and post-war Holland, Ireland and England. I had some of the Dutch letters translated (with the help of Dutch relatives like Charles Boissevain, Engelien de Booy and Francesca van Hamel) and have posted many letters at http://boissevain.us and http://hildavanstockum.com as well as on several blogs on blogger.com.

It's been an engrossing journey of discovery, with much left for me to learn. For example, I found out that Audrey Hepburn worked for the Dutch Resistance, serving as a courier using her slippers as the container for her messages.

I have been building on my database of information through continuing contact with Dutch relatives - some who were were young children during the war - and other sources of information through letters, posts, emails and phone calls to fill in gaps in information and make the record as complete and useful as it can be.

Boissevain, Emily Heloise MacDonnell, Letters. (Posted on this blogsite.)

de Booy, Hilda Boissevain, Letter to Olga Boissevain van Stockum, October 14, 1940.

Oral Histories

My earliest sources of information on the Dutch Resistance were from stories by my mother, who was well informed as the sister of a bomber pilot, the wife of someone working in the O.S.S. and a Washington, DC resident receiving a steady stream of mail from Europe. I have also picked up stories from my siblings, other relatives, and from people who share a history of family involvement in World War II.

Reference Institutions

NIOD is a research institute in Amsterdam, originally called the Rijks Instituut voor Oorlogs Documentatie (Royal Institute for War Documentation), or RIOD. They renamed it the Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogs Documentatie, NIOD. Since 1999, NIOD has been part of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences). NIOD has now merged with the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies (CHGS). The acronym therefore stands on its own, as in the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (Dutch: NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies).

NIOD's great early achievement was to publish the fine official 14-volume Dutch history of the war by the late Loe de Jong - Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog ("The Kingdom of the Netherlands During World War II"), which topped out at 18,000 pages. The entire history is supposed to be available digitally.

NIOD also works like a boutique library of the quality of the British Library in London. Go there at  380 Herengracht and enjoy the many services it has available. The only Dutch you must learn is that  Trekken means "pull" and you will need to pull the door open to get into the registration area to get permission to use the the reading room. Then you must know the word Duwen, which means "push" after you go down the hall, to get into the reading room.

NIOD offers 65,000 books and three km. of archives, a reading room with 25 reading areas, with wi-fi throughout, professional staff on hand, fellow researchers  interested in the same thing you are. It has events, such as films and seminars. It is the center of a network of institutions that are digitizing all their documents and sharing them online. The building, designed by A. Salm, was inspired by the Chateau de Chenonceau, which spans the Loire.

The book shelves include thousands of books in English. However, you may not find much in English in the archives.The archival documents are mostly in Dutch and German. If all else fails, you may be interested in the 100,000 photographs that NIOD has available. I found some of great interest to me. (I also found some at the Amsterdam Stadsarchief, the City Archives, which has huge resources in the form of family papers.)

Other Sources and Links

Boissevain (Wikipedia, English) - genealogie.pagina.nl (Dutch Startpagina) - Familieverenigingen (Dutch Wazamar) - Stamboomgids (Dutch genealogy) - genealogie.verzamelgids - Boissevain Family website (Dutch and English)

Boissevain USA (English only, with extensive information on the American Boissevains, especially the three children of Charles Boissevain who emigrated to the USA - Olga, Eugen and Robert).

Boissevain, Town of, Manitoba, Canada - hosts annual Turtle Derby

Boissevain, Charles (journalist, publisher of Het Algemeen Handelsblad, 1842-1927)
Boissevain, Gideon Maria (banker and economist, 1837-1925)
Boissevain, Jan (Amsterdam ship-owner, 1836-1904)
Boissevain, Jean Henri Guillaume (lawyer and publicist, 1817-1870)
Boissevain, Mies van Lennep (Dutch Resistance hero, wife of Robert Lucas Boissevain, 1896-1965)
Boissevain, Walrave (member of Dutch Parliament, 1913-1928)
Boissevain Ford, Natasha (June 14, 1932 - February 13, 2005)

Boissevain, René, Cristal Caves, Australia

Boissevain Daniël, contemporary Dutch actor

Boissevain, Iaira, Consultancy for animal law

Boissevain, Wim, painter, Australia

Boissevain, Prof. Jeremie

Boissevain, Jan (Dutch cavalry, then Montana resort)

de la Porte, André (Hester Boissevain NP VIIIe4 79)

Millay, Edna St. Vincent (married Eugen Boissevain) 

van Hall (Petronella Johanna Boissevain NP VIIa7 54)

van Stockum, Hilda (1908-2006)

van Tienhoven (Robert Lucas Boissevain NP IXh 74)

Forthcoming book: The Boissevain Family and the Dutch Resistance, 1940-45. For links to other chapters, go to the Chapter Outline.